21 papers
This study demonstrates that brain morphometric alterations across substance use disorders are consistently shaped by the brain's connectome hub architecture and specific neurotransmitter systems, revealing shared neurobiological mechanisms with other psychiatric conditions.
Between 2023 and 2024, the United States experienced a significant 24.4% decline in overdose death rates driven by a sharp drop in fentanyl-involved deaths, marking the first decrease in the "fourth wave" of the crisis, though substantial racial disparities persist with American Indian/Alaska Native and Black individuals continuing to face the highest mortality rates.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 208 clinical trials demonstrates that noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, particularly high-frequency TMS and tES targeting the frontopolar and DLPFC regions, produce medium-to-large effects in reducing drug craving and consumption in substance use disorders, with high-frequency deep TMS using the H4 coil showing the strongest efficacy.
This translational systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that while naturalistic cannabis co-use significantly hinders tobacco cessation, preclinical and clinical evidence supports targeted modulation of the endocannabinoid system, particularly with cannabidiol (CBD), as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating tobacco use disorder.
The Chinese College Student Gamers Cohort (CCSGC) is a prospective, multimodal longitudinal study of 793 undergraduates that elucidates the biopsychosocial mechanisms, bidirectional mental health associations, and neurophysiological markers of Internet Gaming Disorder to advance risk prediction and targeted interventions.
Using data from the UK Biobank and Mendelian randomization analysis, this study demonstrates that higher dietary fibre intake is significantly and causally associated with a reduced risk of mental and behavioral disorders due to tobacco use among smokers.
This study utilizes Los Angeles drug checking data to estimate that individuals consuming illicit fentanyl ingest daily doses equivalent to thousands of milligrams of oral morphine, a magnitude far exceeding clinical guidelines that likely drives high overdose mortality and extreme opioid tolerance.
The RAUCHFREI trial, a large-scale, randomized, double-blind, controlled study conducted in Germany, demonstrates that the Smoke Free mobile app significantly increases smoking cessation rates among moderately dependent smokers compared to an informational app when used alongside brief healthcare professional advice.
This study analyzes US mortality data from 2016 to 2022 to reveal that pregnancy-associated overdose deaths have surged across racial and ethnic groups, with a particularly steep increase among non-Hispanic Black individuals that has widened the mortality disparity relative to non-Hispanic White individuals, underscoring the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies.
This Level 3 Registered Report investigates whether deviations in functional connectivity between the salience, default mode, and central executive networks, measured via resting-state fMRI and normative models, underlie craving during early alcohol abstinence in individuals with alcohol use disorder.
This neuroimaging study reveals that abstinent ex-smokers exhibit heightened brain reactivity to both food and drug cues compared to those with alcohol use disorder or obesity, suggesting that persistent neural sensitivity to high-energy foods may drive post-cessation weight gain, while a distinct sweet taste preference endophenotype appears specific to alcohol use disorder.
US overdose mortality rates dropped below the historically established Jalal-Burke exponential growth curve for the first time in 2024, driven by a sharp decline in fentanyl-related deaths despite a rising share of stimulant and xylazine-involved fatalities.
This study of perinatal individuals in recovery from substance use disorders found that a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors is significantly associated with increased cravings for opioids, higher rates of recent cannabis use, stronger correlations in nicotine use, and comorbid mental health conditions, while also revealing racial disparities in overdose history and opioid cravings.
This study demonstrates that while high scores on the Exercise Dependence Scale are common among endurance athletes, only a subset meet the stricter ICD-11 criteria for clinical addiction, highlighting the necessity of combining quantitative screening with structured clinical interviews to distinguish normative high involvement from pathological exercise addiction.
Despite compelling genetic and preclinical evidence, two large, preregistered observational studies using electronic health records found that initiating brain-penetrant L-type calcium channel blockers does not reduce alcohol consumption compared to non-penetrant alternatives or unexposed controls, indicating these drugs are not effective for repurposing in alcohol use disorder treatment.
This paper introduces FocalTab, a machine learning framework that combines TabPFN with focal loss and confounding factor removal to achieve robust, generalizable classification of adolescent drinking using accessible clinical data, outperforming state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and specificity while identifying key predictors for early intervention.
This study demonstrates that a transformer-based natural language processing model (Bio-ClinicalBERT) can effectively identify and classify cannabis use documentation within unstructured electronic health record notes with near-human accuracy, revealing that identified users have significantly higher rates of comorbid substance use and BMI compared to the general population.
This study found that while machine learning models can detect smoking lapse risks, their modest overall performance and high inter-individual variability suggest that reducing assessment frequency or simplifying predictors does not consistently improve outcomes, indicating that such algorithms are best used in combination with rules-based approaches rather than as standalone solutions for just-in-time adaptive interventions.
This protocol outlines a cross-sectional survey using the Prolific platform to estimate the smallest worthwhile difference (SWD) of psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder by assessing trade-offs between benefits and burdens among American respondents, with the goal of informing clinical decision-making and understanding variations across patient subgroups and professional stakeholders.
The FALCO study is a multinational, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial involving 600 participants across seven countries that aims to evaluate the long-term efficacy of active music groups and music listening groups compared to treatment as usual in reducing addiction severity and improving recovery outcomes for individuals with substance use disorders.